In this episode, we look at the history of the Ottoman Empire's decline from the reign of Selim III up to the 20th century, and the attempts at political and economic reform.

Bibliography

Bernard Lewis, What Went Wrong?

Peter Mansfield, A History of the Middle East

Tamin Ansary, Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes

Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. and Lawrence Davidson, A Concise History of the Middle East, Tenth Edition

Michael B. Oren, Power, Faith, and Fantasy: America in the Middle East, 1776 to the Present

Alan Palmer, The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire

Caroline Finkel, Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire