The Ottomans are blindsided by the Christian states of the Balkans while still fighting a war against Italy, and the Great Powers don’t seem to care to much about maintaining the old balance of power.

Bibliography

The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics, 1908-14, Feroz Ahmad

The Emergence of Modern Turkey; Third Edition, Bernard Lewis

The Ottoman Endgame: War, Revolution, and the Making of the Modern Middle East, 1908-1923, Sean McMeekin

The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, Eugene Rogan

The Decline and Fall of the Ottoman Empire, Alan Palmer

The Balkans: Nationalism, War, and the Great Powers, 1804-1999, Misha Glenny

A History of the Balkans, Ferdinand Schevill

The Serbs: The Guardians of the Gate, R.G.D. Laffan